Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Literary Analysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour

Haley Morrow Mrs. Crook AP English 25 Sept. 2015 Feminist Literary Theory in The Story of an Hour Women are no stranger to a socially constrained lifestyle and society, especially in the late 1800’s. Women were believed to live a certain way, fulfill certain roles and duties in the household, and to be extremely fragile and weak. This type of culture still exists today but not to the extreme that it once was. Kate Chopin, however, not afraid speak out against the implications of society breaks free of the social norms of the 1800’s through her strong female characters. Specifically, in her short story, The Story of an Hour, Chopin captures quite the roller coaster of an hour in the life of Mrs. Louise Mallard, who receives the news of her husband s apparent death. After receiving the news, it only takes a few moments of grief until Louise realizes she is no longer shackled to her husband in marriage and is now a free, independent woman. In her short story, The Story of an Hour, Chopin addresses many issues pertaining to feminism, such as a the expression of a woman’s independence and unique identity, distinct from that of her husband’s all through her main character Louise. The issue that Chopin is trying to address is not that Louise is married to Bentley, but rather the issue of being married at all. Through the eyes of a feminist, and Chopin herself, marriage is just an institution that creates in both men and women the assumed â€Å"right to impose a private will uponShow MoreRelatedThe Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is very intriguing, not only because of the emotional change Louise Mallard goes through the hour after her husband’s tragic death but also the way Chopin uses irony in the story. During this analysis of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we will discuss the summary, plot, setting, tone, theme, point of view, emotions of Louise Mallard and other characters involved in the story. Chopin’s story uses the feelings of a married womanRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin862 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Analysis: The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, is about one married woman’s true hidden feelings of being married in the 19th century. The story was published in 1894, a time where it was unacceptable for women to express their wants and needs as a woman. Women were not seen equal to men and did not have the same privileges as men such as voting. Therefore, some of her literary works were considered controversial. It wasn’t soon until the late 20 centuryRead MoreKylie Alexandra Fink. Mr. Broome. Honors English Ii. May1848 Words   |  8 PagesKylie Alexandra Fink Mr. Broome Honors English II May 17, 2017 The Thought Provoking Story of Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin makes one ask themselves â€Å"why†. The story is a very thought provoking. It is about a woman, Louise, whose husband â€Å"died† in a train accident. When she finds out, she thinks of herself as free. Why would she be so happy when she just found out that her husband, Brentley, had died? She then finds out that her husband did not die. She then dies after seeingRead MoreKate Chopin s The Hour1361 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzed â€Å"The Story of the Hour† has been whether or not Mrs. Mallard was oppressed in her marriage or if she was depressed due to the lack of time she and her husband spent together. Time plays a crucial role in the story, from the time they have spent together, to the period of the story, and to the short time in which the story takes place. â€Å"The Story of the Hour,† is a story written by feminist author, Kate Chopin in 1894 that deals with marital instability from a womanâ €™s perspective. Chopin, whoseRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Katherine Mansfield992 Words   |  4 Pagescouple, hand-in-hand, walking towards the sunset. Many literary pieces offer a contrasting opinion of marriage, depicting trials and tribulations, heartbreak, and unhappy endings. Katherine Mansfield s Bliss and Kate Chopin s The Story of an Hour offers a look into the darkness and angst that can lie within a marriage between two lovers. Both of these works depict the perspectives of the women from these unions. Bliss and The Story of an Hour explore the pain and angst that can hide beneathRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Yellow Wallpaper1086 Words   |  5 PagesPerkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 1 Jan. 2013, pp. 221-234, Database: MLA International Bibliography -- Publications. kutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr/index.php. Accessed 18 Nov. 2017. The short story written by Fahimeh Q. Basenji, he shares in his writings about â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper and Story of an Hour†. In the journal, he discusses how the two stories are similar but have different narrator experiencesRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour857 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent emotions that Kate Chopin fit into â€Å"The Story of an Hour† presents the story with a perspective that is very intelligible. While some readers may not understand what it is like to live a sheltered life due to marital convention, Chopin laid out the emotional path that the protagonist takes and simplified it into individual, coherent feelings that a woman in the late nineteenth-century might have went through under these circumstances; she did an efficient job at telling the story of shock, suspenseRead MoreLiterary Criticism of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1338 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Criticism and the Story of an Hour Literary criticism gives the reader the tools to see literature in new ways. Each type focuses on different components of the story and asks the reader to examine a given text for ques. When an analysis is performed in a given critical style, a whole new perspective of the text becomes available. Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is an account of a marriage in the late 19th century. Mrs. Louise Mallard is identified by her marriage and she allows herselfRead MoreWomen s Patriarchal Oppression By Kate Chopin Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesSheraliz Ortiz Mrs. Kehrmeyer AP Language, Per 1 14 November 2016 Women s Patriarchal Oppression Women have been denied social power and the right to various forms of self-expression during the 19th century. Feminism is the belief that women should be treated as equals to men and have the same opportunities. Feminist analysis discusses about topics such as women in society that s been through oppression, dehumanizing, and depression. Several brave female writers came forth during this period

Monday, December 16, 2019

Animal Fable Free Essays

And lastly, the Ilon Is Indeclslve and often regrets to his decision. Right after killing the bull, he realizes the bull’s absence is huge and regrets about his decision. is anger giving way to softer feelings, he spoke aloud his sorrow at the death of Schanzabeh, whom he allowed to have been probably nnocent of the crimes laid to his charge, and to have fallen a victim to the calumnies and false accusations of his enemies† (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Fable or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 58) _ These three characteristics of the lion symbolize two aspects of leader Firstly, the lion symbolizes a big and strong leader. But more in-depth symbol is Caliph A1-Mansur, the leader at the time when this book was translated. Caliph A1-Mansur succeeded in revolution and seized power. With authority in his hands, he executed and assassinated many people for trivial reasons. Moreover, claiming to support an ideology of equality, he actually discriminated OF2 fable, was a Persian origin who naturalized as an Arabian and converted to Islam. Even though he was an ‘Arabian’ in a sense of a civilian, he was not a â€Å"pure Arabian† in a sense of ethnicity. Feeling more suppressed than Arab-Muslims, he had a strong dissatisfaction of the then authority. Thus, he compares the pure Arabians, who lived in a splendor of authorities obtained by coercive territorial expansion, to the lion, whose appearance is splendid but substance is in fact feeble. The animal fables are often used to educate young people. It is told to these days that Kalilah wa Dimna was used to teach lessons about morality and wisdom to even the princes of one kingdom. Although the fables are written with a purpose of giving lessons, more meanings, either literal or figurative, can be assigned when it is translated to another language. Kalilah wa Dimna shows figurative meanings hidden in the text as well, which shows public sentiments at the time. This is a valuable trait of literature since this shows something that cannot be achieved in another means. How to cite Animal Fable, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Humans and Technology Communicating Operating teams

Question: Describe about the Humans and Technology Communicating for Operating teams? Answer: Literature Review on Annotated bibliography A literature review on 9 annotated bibliographies is discussed below. The literature review demonstrated about the osmotic communication and its impact on effective communication among a team. This review also shows the type of information needed to flow among the team in an agile software development. According to Alistair. Cockburn, (2011) Osmotic communication is a type of communication that helps a team of a project to effective communicate with each other. This type of communication assists in reducing cost of the communication. According to the analyst in this type of communication the team members are kept in the same room where one member of the team can hear the speech of another. Cockburn believes that if any member is willing to hear the speech of another and learn from this, he will definitely gain some knowledge. The analyst also demonstrated about the radical collocation which increases the productivity of the project. But it is hard to implement because the managers are normally used to in interacting with personal meeting with the team member. Osmotic communication act as an effective communication resource which helps to manage an agile project. Foong. Y in 2014 has argued that success development of a agile project depends on effective communication of team member s. All the members of the project should be aware of the project development and situation where osmotic communication would be effective. In this type of communication information about the project flows from high density area to low density area to make flexibility between the manager and project members. M Eccles, J Smith, M Tanner, and JP Van der Watt, (2010) in their collection discussed about some factors which would be helpful in achieving the goal of the project. They suggested that the effectiveness of the project depends on some factors. The team members of the project should be fully aware of the project goal, the task that they are assigned individually. The manager of the project should regularly follow up the task of their team members and get feedback from the team members. Agile project is somewhat unstructured so osmotic communication would be more effective for the success of this type of project. In osmotic communication information flows among the whole team rather than individual member. Figure 1 shows the mode of communication. Figure 1: Mode of Communication According to Robert. L (2011) digital media and social media is very useful for osmotic communication. Managing of project is done to achieve the goal of project. The analyst refers twitter as an effective social media where one twit can be seen by many observers, and get information from that. The phenomenon of these social media applied to the agile project in order to distribute information among the tem member of the project. The osmotic communication strives to effectively communicate the team members. The members of the project should vary their approach according to their task. Sharp.H et.ol, (2010) argued that Project development is a global system nowadays. So communication of the tem member is the key factor for the success of the project. Management of the project is a step by step project in which information is exchanged among the team members. In osmotic communication background information is used make the communication effective. As per Wohlin.C et.ol (2010) agile project is a unstructured type of project So the information flow among the team members should be in a proper way and right manner. For the completion of a global software development the steps of the osmotic communication should be mapped to the real scenario and should be included in the development of the project. Crowe.A, (2011) has argued that in osmotic communication the team members sits in one room and hear to each other to get information about the project. If one is willing to pay attention to the speech of other then he will definitely be able to learn from this communication. The analyst here differentiates between the effective communication and diffusive communication. Moran. A, (2015) defines that managing engineering project needs some steps to be followed in a proper way. Agile project is a unstructured type of project in which the information flow among the team members should be in a flexible mode rather than a structural model. According to Kucera. J (2015) the opposite phenomenon of osmotic communication is reverse communication. In this reverse communication the information about the project flows from lower level to the higher level. This approach of communication is very much effective in reengineering where lower components need to be engaged to complete a big Project. Reference List Alistair. Cockburn (2011) Humans and Technology, ASD book extract: "Communicating, cooperating teams", Ch.3 topic 7 Foong .Y (2014) EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: A Challenge to Project Manager, Project Management Resources M Eccles, J Smith, M Tanner, JP Van Belle S Van der Watt Collection (2010), Collection Impact on Team Effectiveness, SACJ No.46 Roberts.L (2011) Project Management in Twitter Era Sharp.H et.ol (2012) Information flow within a dispersed agile team: a distributed cognition perspective, Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Volume 111, 2012, pp 62-78 Wohlin.C et.ol (2010) Agile Practices in Global Software engineering- A Systematic map, ICGSE. pp 45-54 Crowe.A (2011) Osmotic Communication, Agile Modeling (ONLINE ARTICLE) Moran.A (2015) Agile project Management, Managing Agile pp 71-101. Kucera.J (2015) Reverse Osmosis: Design, Processes, and Applications for Engineers, John Wiley Sons

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Seasonality in Melaka Tourism Industry free essay sample

Seasonality in tourism demand is common among all sectors which involve in the industry and become a focal issue, particularly in the peripheral destinations and areas with four seasons. Seasonality phenomenon in tourism can be seen obviously in the East Coast of the Peninsular Malaysia during the Northeast Monsoon due to the heavy rainfalls and this affect seriously on the tourist arrivals to the islands which are the main tourist destinations. The issues of seasonality in tourism demand should not only focus on the natural aspect, where we could also look through some places which might have the possibility of having the same phenomenon in other tourist destinations. Thus, the main objectives of this research are to identify the pattern of tourist arrivals and to examine the factors of the seasonal tourism demand. The reason of doing this research in Melaka is because of the increment in tourist arrivals and heavy tourism activities since it was declared as one of the World Heritage Cities by UNESCO in year 2008. We will write a custom essay sample on Seasonality in Melaka Tourism Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the congestion and overcrowded during peak season which exceed the carrying capacity has affected the quality of the environment and the travel experience of the tourists. On the other hand, the seasonal phenomenon also affects on the tourism businesses particularly during the low season which causes them hard to survive. The local authority has to take actions to overcome this problem in ensuring an excellent tourism development since the economic development of Melaka relies heavily on the tourism industry within the area.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Shakespeares Hamlet Research Paper Example

Shakespeares Hamlet Research Paper Example Shakespeares Hamlet Paper Shakespeares Hamlet Paper Essay Topic: Hamlet Shakespeares hamlet is a complex play based on the royal family of Denmark. The king Hamlet dies and his wife Gertrude marries his brother Claudius Prince hamlet is not happy with the wedding and his thoughts are later confirmed when the ghost of his father tells him that he was murdered by Claudius. Hamlet then starts to take revenge which eventually leaves everyone dead. In this essay I will be discussing act 1 scenes 4 and 5 in which the ghost appears, I will be looking at the events within the play that could be held responsible for the onset of hamlets madness or indeed his death. I will consider both sides of the argument and acknowledge wether the appearance of the ghost was the catalyst of hamlets eventual demise. Act 1 scenes 4 starts of with horatio Marcellus and hamlet waiting impatiently for the ghost which Marcellus and horatio have seen it then draws near the season wherein the spirit held his wont to walk this also prove that the ghost is not just hamlets mind in a state of madness as the men witness the ghost before even notifying Hamlet. Horatio states Before my God, I might not this believe without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. Considering stagecraft I would reckon that horatio hamlet and Marcellus would be standing fairly close together whilst having the conversation. The atmosphere would be rather quiet and ominous and the tension would dramatically increase when the ghost enters. Horatio and Marcellus then try to stop hamlet from following the ghost do not my lord however hamlet is determined and explains to them that following the ghost will probably be the only way that he can know his fate and follows the ghost. Hamlets first speech with the ghost show the doubts that exist in his mind about the nature of the ghosts apparition he says Whither wilt thou lead me? Speak Ill go no further. This shows doubt because hamlet was willing to follow the ghost to seek some guidance and answers but hes now feeling unsure that this ghost or apparition may just be an evil spirit and therefore tells the ghost to stop as he will follow no more. Hamlet then beckons the ghost to reveal what discord robbed his fathers peace, the ghost then tells the story of how Claudius his brother poured poison into his ears The ghost urges Hamlet to Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (Act1 Scene 5 Line25) and informs him that The serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown (Act1 Scene5 Line 38). Considering the views of the audience at this point would be the essential difference between Catholicism and Protestantism the Catholics believe in Purgatory and Protestants do not. The Protestant line is that if you lead a good life and have great faith in Christs ultimate sacrifice, a place in heaven is assured. Catholics though believe that immediately after death there is a period of purification, in Purgatory, before the deceased enters heaven. The opposing views are represented in the play by the Ghost, who comes from Purgatory and must have come back to make right the story of how he died in other words the ghost had unfinished business before he could go to heaven. The Ghost then taunts Hamlet, telling him that it is part of every mans honour to avenge his death. Hamlet then becomes a part of Denmarks foulness and wretchedness when he agrees to avenge his fathers death. This is the beginning of a vicious cycle of hatred, death and revenge that destroys many lives. The ghost then departs leaving hamlet trapped in a dilemma of moral conflict and duty towards the promise he makes to his fathers ghost. Horatio and Marcellus come rushing in on the line my lord my lord! The exclamation mark used at the end of the lines by Shakespeare shows great urgency. The ghost then cries out from under the stage, urging them to swear their secrecy. Obeying the spirits demands, Horatio and Marcellus pledge upon the cross of Hamlets sword that they will never speak a word of what they have seen and heard. Hamlet then tells them that he will pretend to be mad these are but wild and whirling words however Hamlets choice to put on an antic disposition leads to his downfall; it is a tragic error in judgement which destroys his relationship with Ophelia and Gertrude. Is the appearance of the ghost the catalyst for hamlets eventual demise? Hamlet is certainly unhappy about the circumstances from before but his encounter with the ghost adds to his anguish trauma and despair, hamlets character undergoes a serious change after this meeting with his fathers ghost. However the question arises wether this is the only cause of hamlets madness which infact lead to his death. As we already know hamlets grief over the loss of his father was showing signs of consuming him. Some would argue that it was hamlets spontaneous killing of Polonius or maybe his choice of pretending to be mad actually turned him mad I feel that Hamlet has a tragic flaw in his personality and behaviour. His flaw is that he is overly concerned with death and tragedy. This flaw or weakness in Hamlet leads him into a world of chaotic surroundings and madness. Hamlets flaw and his mad personality led to the death of several people, including his mother and the King of Denmark Hamlet is disheartened he ponders thoughts of suicide by his own soliloquy. To be, or not to be; that is the question Hamlets misery, or state of depression, was more easily perceived by an Elizabethan audience than would be by a modern one. Shakespeares use of language generated the drama and tension in hamlet, the lack of special effects which were not available in Shakespeare times were accomplished by his use of language and the effect of writing throughout the play in form of poetry was very efficient. The meanings ideas and hamlets soliloquies were all used by Shakespeare to show hamlets isolation and despair. Shakespeares literary techniques and devices had a great impact on the audience; however compared to now the audience would expect more such as extraordinary devices and distinctive elements. His use of dramatic and emotional vocabulary in Hamlet virtually all the way through arouses the audiences attention and creates an exciting atmosphere. The phrase to be or not to be demonstrates Shakespeares intentions of building up an anxious and tense mood for the audience as they feel highly sympathetic towards the character. Shakespeare later uses the character of Laertes. Who is clearly a remorseless and bitter man in search for revenge for his late fathers death to build up the idea of hamlet as a victim once more.

Friday, November 22, 2019

The Most Overused Words of 2012

The Most Overused Words of 2012 The Most Overused Words of 2012 The Most Overused Words of 2012 By Mark Nichol Words are sometimes randomly reincarnated to serve new purposes, and usually, the new usage is anything but offensive, and its connection may even be obscure: Does anyone object to the use of the word plane (meaning, basically, â€Å"surface†) to describe aircraft? Often, however, the extension of a term to a new connotation invites contempt. Here’s a rundown of some of the online commentary about new senses of words that have worn out their welcome. The business blog Quartz published an article about â€Å"the most misused word in 2012†: disrupt, which in the commercial world is used in the context of companies that suddenly and dramatically alter their focus or product(s); other tiresome Wall Street jargon includes the similar pivot as well as innovation, which almost invariably refers to strategies that are anything but innovative but the word, presumably, still catches the eye of investors and customers. LinkedIn recently listed the top ten words and phrases people use on the networking site to describe themselves to potential employers and clients: Creative, organizational, and effective have remained in the top three positions for two years in a row, followed this year by motivated, â€Å"extensive experience,† â€Å"track record,† innovative, responsible, analytical, and â€Å"problem solving.† (How, then, does one market oneself without resorting to such overused terms? Describe how you are creative, organizational, and effective rather than simply typing the words.) Similarly, the Shift Communications PR Agency published a graphic displaying the supposedly substantive words most prevalent in press releases. Trailing global, the clear leader, were forward, leading, international, growth, and â€Å"well positioned.† Every year, Lake Superior State University invites nominations for inclusion on its Banished Words List: This year’s roster includes amazing, blowback (â€Å"resistance or usually negative reaction to an action or a proposal†), and ginormous (a portmanteau word derived from gigantic and enormous). Among the phrases on the list are â€Å"baby bump† (â€Å"visual evidence of pregnancy†), â€Å"man cave† (a female-free except for the bikini babes on the beer posters refuge for the man of the house, especially when he’s in the doghouse), and â€Å"thank(ing) you in advance,† widely considered a discourteous courtesy in a business email or letter. The Atlantic Monthly’s online version, Atlantic Wire, offers â€Å"An A-to-Z Guide to 2012’s Worst Words†, which includes disrupt and â€Å"baby bump† but also derides the use in technological contexts of curate (which is just a fancy way to say â€Å"link†) and ecosystem (referring collectively to similar digital devices or formats). Meanwhile, epic, used as an adjective to describe a supposedly remarkable experience or phenomenon, is among a slew of pop-culture terms singled out for retirement. And then, of course, there’s fail used as a noun to describe a botched effort which is itself now frequently deemed a failure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical WordsLoan, Lend, Loaned, LentParticular vs. Specific

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Gender and Sexual Violence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender and Sexual Violence - Term Paper Example The issue has also been common in some Asian and African countries especially those, which are Islamic, dominated. They argue that violence against these people has an adverse psychological effect and can lead to one committing suicide. Introduction With the recent efforts to fight against inequalities, gender and sexual violence is a topic, which has drawn scholarly interest in the recent past. In fact, Ussher believes that the exposure of sex into rigors secular stare and scrutiny of the sexual body has drawn both scientific and legal intervention (380). So violence against gender may take different directions, it seems to be more inclined to the female gender. Paludi Michelle, in her publication, Feminism and Women's Rights Worldwide, defines gender violence as any act that will suggest in any way the convention, elimination, and discrimination one gender and that result to any form of physical, sexual, or psychological harm of the same. Actions that deem gender violence are rape, dowry violence, genital mutilation and other tradition practices that do not favor or are harmful to women. Women can also be intimidated at work or in educational institutions (Paludi 12). Women trafficking and forced prostitution are other forms of gender violence. Sexual violence on the other hand is the subjective experience a targeted person undergoes which is against his will. Sexual violence may take forms of rape, forced prostitution, or state-sanction violence against women. This sexual harassment based on gender has hindered or compromised the ability of women to rise to higher levels in the society or authority. Hate violence against LGBTQ people Hate and sexual violence against the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender rose by more than thirteen per cent in the year 2010 alone. The report released by national coalition of anti-violence indicated that violence against persons tend to be more vicious as compared to other forms of bias-motivated crimes. These groups o f minorities have records of mistreatment in the various regions of the world having violated of their rights through murder, kidnapping, assaulted, or made to undergo other forms of psychological torture (Nelson 169). Despite the reported cases, many of them go unreported because the victims do not actually trust the police or are afraid of reprisal because they fear their identity as having sexual behavior. However, public information campaigns should be introduced in the public oriented zones to counter the homophobia. Law enforcement by officials should also take its course and all people be exposed to equal and fair treatment inconsiderate of their sexual basis. Hate-motivated violence’s against the minorities with queer sexual behaviors have been a common phenomenon in the current society. These persons (the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, and queer commonly known as LGBTQ) have been undergoing verbal attacks, sexual assailment, and discriminations in the work p laces. The intimate partners are being beaten and tortured, all because of hatred against this group (Ungar 41). The recent report by the Harvard school of public health affirmed that those with sexual abnormalities are two or more times likely to undergo abuse and their rights violated. The public also exhibited high probability of attacking and violating

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Comparative Economic System Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparative Economic System - Term Paper Example On the contrary the government of North Korea in order to improve the economic system plans and develops strategies and even focuses on its major goal of being prosperous and a strong nation. The North Korean government gives more importance to the foreign investment and considers this to be the tool for improving living standard of the region. However the overriding concern of the government is its political control that is likely to inhibit certain fundamental reforms in the present economic system of the region. According to Gregory & Stuart (2013), the economy of South Korea grew enormously and the structure of the economy has even transformed radically since 1962 with the support of First Five Year Plan of Economic Development. The GNP of the region had expanded by 8% annually. In 1962 GNP of South Korea was US$2.3 billion which increased rapidly and in 1982 it became US$204 billion. The economic growth that rapidly increased however slowed down in the year 1989. In comparison to the previous year, the growth rate was decreased to half and even there was an increase in inflation rate which was associated with rapid increase of wages. In the year 1990, the region even had witnessed a trade deficit and the various forms of developments indicated slowing down of an economy that was rapidly maturing. However the domestic demand of South Korea was increasing that clearly stated that the economic system would be healthy until there is no such political crisis that would create an adverse effect on the economy. The growth of industrialization in the country was majorly due to the adoption of a strategy that was more of outward looking in the year 1960. This strategy proved to be very effective as the natural resource endowment was very poor in this region, the domestic market was small and savings rate was also low. There have been great economic reforms in

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Essay Amines are compounds composed of nitrogen atoms bearing alkyl or aromatic compounds. Amines undergo interesting reactions, one of which is with the reaction with nitrous acid producing an azo dye. In this study, the experiment focused on synthesizing an observing the physical properties of Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is of the most common dyes found in waxes, oils and in some food ingredients specifically curry and chilli powder. Furthermore, this study aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of 1-phenylazo-2-naphtol. To be able to synthesize Sudan-1, preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride solution and ÃŽ ²- naphthol solution were done. Ingrain dyeing was also done in this experiment. The synthesis of Sudan-1 has a two-step reaction – diazotization and coupling reactions. Diazotization is the formation of diazonium salt, meanwhile, the coupling reaction took place when an activated aromatic compound, ÃŽ ²-naphtol was reacted with the diazonium salt, benzene diazonium chloride, to form the azo compound known as the 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result, an orange-red precipitate was formed after series of reaction. Hence, all the said objectives in this experiment were achieved. Amines are compounds that are composed of a nitrogen atom bearing alkyl or aromatic groups. They are basic and nucleophilic because of their lone pair. They occur both in plants and animals. Amines produces some of the most interesting effects and of the common reaction of aminewith nitrous acid producing a dye[4]. Alizarin, for example is a red dye extracted from madder root used by Egyptians and Persians. However, in this experiment, it aimed to produce a dye commonly known as Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is a lysochrome with the chemical formula 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. It is a powdered substance with an orange-red color. This azo dye is most commonly found in waxes, oils, and also in some food coloring ingredients – curry powder and chili powder. However, the presence of Sudan-1 in most foods now is currently being banned because it has been classified to be carcinogenic. This experiment focused on synthesizing of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol which is a two-step reaction. The first reaction is the reaction of aniline with nitrous acid, which is called diazotization and second, the reaction of diazonium salt and beta-naphtol to form azo dye which is the coupling reaction. Figure 1 Diazotization Reaction of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt Figure 1 Diazotization Reaction of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt In diazotization reaction, there is a formation of diazonium salts. This reaction is made possible when a primary aromatic amine is treated with nitrous acid. Then in coupling reaction, the electrophilic substitution reaction of a diazonium salt with an activated aromatic ring formed a azo compound specifically an azo dye.[3] The main objective of this study was to be able to synthesize Sudan-1. Also, it aimed to characterize the azo dye with its most distinguishing physical properties. Furthermore, this experiment also aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of Sudan-1. Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with ÃŽ ² -Naphthol Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with ÃŽ ² -Naphthol Aniline was reacted NaNO2 crystals under acidic condition using HCl in a cold temperature. The solution was done in a very cold temperature because the phenyldiazonium intermediate easily decomposes back to its aniline counterpart at a slightly high temperature; hence the temperature of the solution was maintained in an ice bath below 5Â °C. Rock salt may also be added to the ice bath to maintain the temperature. However, in this experiment, no rock salts were added instead constant monitoring of the temperature was done. ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution was used as a coupling reagent in synthesizing Sudan-1. In preparing ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution, ÃŽ ²-naphthol was dissolved in 5% of aqueous NaOH and was also cooled in an ice bath below 5Â °C, this was to avoid the decomposition of the compounds. The main reaction that occurred in the preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride solution was diazotization reaction. Diazotization is the reaction between a primary aromatic amine and nitrous acid at cold temperatures to diazonium salt compound.[2] Figure 1 below is the reaction exhibited by the phenyldiazonium chloride solution. As this experiment aimed to synthesize Sudan-1, two steps are done. The first step would be the reaction of a primary aromatic amine to produce a diazonium salt as seen in Figure 1. The second step, then, is the reaction of the diazonium salt with a strongly activated aromatic syste,l known as coupling reactions. Azo coupling is the reaction between a diazonium compound and aniline, phenol or other aromatic compound which produces an azo compound.[5] In this experiment ÃŽ ²-naphthol couples with the diazonium salt. Figure 2 below shows the coupling reaction of the benzene diazonium chloride with ÃŽ ²-naphthol and having the product of Sudan-1. Furthermore, figure 3 below is the summary of reactions of the synthesis of Sudan-1 in this experiment. Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1 Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1 In this experiment, a filter paper was used to undergo ingrain dyeing. Ingrain dyeing is an irreversible chemical reaction of the diazonium salt solution and the activating aromatic solution. An orange-red filter paper was produced after such procedure. The presence of orange-red color in filter indicates the presence of the azo dye (see appendix for the orange-red filter paper produced). The Sudan dye is synthesized right in the spaces between the filter paper such that they are permanently trapped inside the fiber spaces of the filter paper.[2] After mixing the phenyldiazonium chloride solution with the ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution, an orange-red paste-like solution was formed. Furthermore, the mixed solution was also reacted at a temperature not exceeding 4ËšC for 1-5 minutes. Afterwards, the mixture was also filtered was washed with several portions of water to filter the product, Sudan-1. Recrystallization was also done when the filtrate was steamed bath after dissolving it with 95% hot ethanol. AS a result, orange-red crystals were formed which is the Sudan-1 product. The crystal appeared to be orange-red in color due to the N=N bond present in Sudan-1. The N=N is responsible for the absorption of light thus reflecting a color which is orange-red. The structure of Sudan-1 is shown in Figure 4 below showing the N=N bond of the compound. The N=N is known as the chromophores which are responsible for the color. The –OH group attached in the structure is also responsible for enhancing the orange-red color. The –OH functional group is known as the auxochrome, which modifies the ability of the chromophore to absorb the light.[1] Figure 4 Structure of Sudan-1 Azo-compounds, compounds with general formula Ar-N+=N-Ar-, are coupling products from the reaction of diazonium salts with amines. The general reaction pattern for Sudan synthesis first undergoes diazotization reaction and then coupling reaction with highly activated aromatic compounds. In this experiment, the diazotization reaction of aniline with NaNO2 and HCl yielded a diazonium salt, benzene diazonium chloride. Furthermore, the diazonium salt then underwent coupling reactions with an activated aromatic ring which is ÃŽ ²-naphthol. The coupling reaction yielded an azo compound which is most commonly known as the Sudan-1 with an IUPAC name of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result of the reactions in this experiment, an orange-red color of solution was produced. This experiment aimed to understand the reactions that underwent to synthesize Sudan-1; as a result, figure 3 was the summary of reactions. As a physical result, orange-red colored crystals were produced representing the azo compound, Sudan-1. However, some minor errors will not be ignored in this experiment. Some errors like human errors might have affected the results in yielding a pure azo compound. One human error, would be the measuring of the reagents used to yield the said product. Also, the misreading of some measurements may have also affected the results of this experiment. Also, some impurities in the chemicals used will also not be ignore, since this impurities may have led to a not so visible side reactions in the said experiment. After being said and done, all the said objectives in this experiment were met.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Madness and Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Madness and Hamlet       Hamlet is one of William Shakespeare's most honored works and is a piece of literature, which has been studied in depth by many a scholar. The storyline of Hamlet follows a vein of madness that begins with Claudius' murdering King Hamlet and ending with the tragic killing of almost every main character. Many reasons have been proposed for the ultimate tragedy, which occurs at the conclusion of the play. It will be argued in this essay that madness is the cause of the eventual tragedy in Shakespeare's Hamlet.    Claudius' murdering of his brother, the king is the first murderous act of mental illness in the story and it sets into course the madness of many other characters. Murdering one's brother so that they may marry their sister in law is not the act or desire of a sane person. After the king's death, Claudius and Gertrude marry within a matter of months. This quick marriage circumvents the standard mourning period of one year that is expected of a queen. Hamlet is greatly disturbed by the fact that his mother does not mourn longer for his fathers death and conveys his anger about this subject on several occasions. The marriage of a man to his sister in law is thought incestuous by the church and contributes to the overall lack of decency in this story. Claudius is directly responsible for the death of the king, Hamlet's father, and he also contributes to the deaths of Gertrude and Hamlet. His actions set into course a series of events of which the end result is the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, and Ophelia. He is also indirectly responsible for the deaths of these characters.    Hamlet's display of mental illness allows him to prove to himself that Claudius did, in fact, murder his father. After seeing the ghost of his father, Hamlet vows to avenge his death and decides that feigning lunacy will provide him with the means to prove Claudius' guilt. Following his initial encounter with the ghost of his father, Hamlet is very excitedly speaking with Marcellus and Horatio and tells them:    But come / Here, as before, never, so help you mercy

Monday, November 11, 2019

The Happy Prince

In the beautifully written tale The Happy Prince, it tells a story of love and generosity. The book delves into a fairy tale of a swallow and a prince, it poetically talks of the time when the prince was alive and how he was such a joyful person. The people of the kingdom bestowed upon the prince the nickname ‘The Happy Prince. ‘ When the prince died the town councillors chose to create a statue honouring him, setting the statue high above the town so the happy prince could watch over everyone. The Prince was coated in gold and rubies, this made him look magnificent and the whole town admired him. The prince became friends with a swallow and together they help the poor by giving them the gold and rubies off the statue. The book enters into a world of perplexity and reliance. The construction of the tale is written in an humorous way, but in doing that it also explores some serious issues involving poverty and loneliness. Playwright and poet Oscar Wilde started writing the children's book ‘The Happy Prince' in 1988, the remarkably written book is wildly popular even still 23 years later. Wilde’s collection of children's story books consists of The Happy Prince, The Nightingale and the Rose, The Selfish Giant, The Devoted Friend and The Remarkable Rocket, all with different meanings, all just as funny and all just as heart wrenching. I think Wilde not only wrote these books for children but he made sure they are comedic and entertaining for adults too. The stories all have deeper meanings and talk about essential issues, this I think is makes the books even better. I remember my dad reading ‘The Happy Prince' to me as a child, the story back then was completely different to what I remember now. The humorous way Wilde goes into relationship between the two main characters in the story really made me laugh, I liked the way he talked of how to swallow fell in love with the reed and how the other swallows thought it was ridiculous because â€Å"she has no money, and far to many relations. Eventually the swallow tired of the reed as she â€Å"had no conversation. † Wilde uses humorous writing conventions such as metaphorical description of the relationships in the story between the wind and the reed â€Å"she was always flirting with the wind. † I love the style of writing and how witty and crazy Wilde’s ideas are. I think Wilde’s children’s book will always be loved, the bizarre stories will co ntinue to make people laugh and proceed to be fantastic bedtime stories.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Art Is Long Life Is Short Essay

Art is a one of the most wonderful things in our life. It is an expression of inner thoughts and beauty in our life. It helps people to understand and feel deeply the all beauty and splendor of our culture. Without the greatest masterpieces of past times we even couldn’t find out the development of our history. For example, the most wonderful treasures are Wonders of the World. Thanks to them we know about the potentials of human creativity, thoughts, and, of course, about our past. Basically, the phrase means that great art, whether it is music, painting or poetry will far outlive their creators. For example, William Shakespeare. He passed away many centuries ago but his magnificent tragedies, comedies and sonnets are still alive. They will always be the greatest literature masterpieces of the world. And many artists, composers and poets were not famous inter vivos, their works were not popular or were fundamentally different with the demands of the government, and they live on the breadline. But after their deaths their works became appreciated at their true value. For example, one of the greatest Russian composer Modest Musorgsky did not manage to show his compositions to people openly, in all of their beauty because they were too sharp and truthful and, of course, his works were banned to perform. He was distraught and began drinking alcohol and died in destitution. But after his death, the time has changed and his masterpieces were appreciated and they are still one of the most wonderful music compositions of the world. The works of artists, composers, sculptures can go on for many generations. Life seems so incomparably short to great art. And we do not even notice how life goes. Life can end, but art is immortal. And all of the creators are also alive in their masterpieces and in our souls.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

How to Create a Resume Packed with Action Words

How to Create a Resume Packed with Action Words Action. Romance. Intrigue. These aren’t words you’d usually associate with resume-writing, but they’ve got your attention, right? When you write anything, you want it to be as interesting to the reader as possible. And that’s doubly true for your resume- you want it to pop so that the recruiter or hiring manager looks at your resume in a field of similar ones and thinks, â€Å"This person needs to come in for an interview.† And while your resume doesn’t need to be written like an action movie to get attention, you could take some of this concept to heart as you get ready to revamp your resume. One of the easiest and most effective ways to improve your resume has nothing to do with the format or bells and whistles- it comes down to good old-fashioned writing. If you choose strong verbs throughout, you can convey a lot of information with a small handful of words, saving precious, precious space on your resume and saving the reader some time an d energy by getting right to the point.It may have been a while since your last round of grammar lessons, so let’s do a quick recap of what you need to know when writing your resume.1.  Generic Verbs  2. Action Verbs vs. Passive Verbs  3.  Rewriting with Action Words  Generic VerbsVerbs are words that convey an action. I came, I saw, I conquered. In a resume, they tell the reader what you currently do and what you’ve done in your career.If you look at your resume, there are probably a number of perfectly cromulent verbs that describe your career up to this point: managed, was responsible for, organized, handled. There’s nothing technically wrong with these words, but there are a couple of reasons why they’re not ideal for your resume 2.0.1. They’re super-common 95% of the resumes that come through for any given job opening are going to have the same exact words. And you want to stand out from that crowd, don’t you?2. They donâ€⠄¢t actually say muchGreat, you were responsible for sales reports. What did you do with them? Did you process them? Analyze them? Use them to make paper airplanes? Any information that’s left vague will leave the reader with an incomplete picture. That’s a gap that will need to be addressed in the interview, if you’re lucky enough to get to that step. More likely, the reader’s gaze has skipped right over the generic statement about your sales report experience.Active Verbs vs. Passive VerbsWhen thinking about the verbs in your resume, another important point to consider is the voice. Is this an active verb (showing direct action) or a passive verb (showing how action was done to you/someone/something)? Let’s try a quick example.I was given the 2015 Employee of the Year award.  ORI won the 2015 Employee of the Year award.Now, the difference is subtle, but in the first example, you’re a passive participant, like you just happened to catch t he award as it passed by. In the second example, you went out and won that award because you deserved it, darn it!You want your resume to convey a confident voice, and strong verbs (the ones that show specific, decisive action) are a shortcut to that confidence. This may require a bit of unlearning what you always thought true of resumes. I know that personally, I once thought that formal and complicated language was the way to go on a resume. After all, I wanted them to know I was dignified and articulate, and what better way to do that than revert to a kind of super-formal, fancy-sounding prose? (I will neither confirm nor deny that one of my earliest cover letters included the phrase â€Å"good day, sir or madam.†)It’s kind of human nature to think that extra words = high-quality. But you don’t necessarily need to hold onto that kind of thinking. Now that resumes are read on screens more than on paper, you have less space, and less attention to your words on the page. You want to make the most of that opportunity. There’s no reason to sacrifice direct, accurate information for the sake of a â€Å"traditional† voice.What it comes down to is that the person reading your resume is not the strict 8th grade English teacher of your nightmares. The person is a regular reader, who likely has little time to sit down and read a treatise on what you were responsible for handling and organizing in your previous three jobs. Really, he or she just wants to know what you’ve done, how you express yourself, and that you can show how qualified you are up front. The more straightforward you can make that process, the more likely you are to catch the right kind of attention.Rewriting with Action WordsBefore you go into your resume with a surgeon’s scalpel for revisions, take a look at what you already have in the current version of your resume. (Or, if this is your first time creating a resume, look at the list of bullet points you want to import.) Go through carefully, and underline every verb you see. At each one, ask yourself, is this verb as specific as it could be? Is it active or passive? Could it be more interesting? Once you have your roadmap of verbs to update, you can start thinking about words that would work better instead.You don’t need to replace every single word in your resume. For example, sometimes organized is the best word to describe what you did, but the important part is taking a closer look at every bullet point on your resume and seeing which ones could be better. It’s crucial toNow let’s walk through some alternatives to common resume verbs.Leadership Verbs  These are words that show how you’ve led and managed tasks and/or people.Instead of:Try one of these:LedChairedDirectedMotivatedCoachedCultivatedManagedControlledEnabledEnforcedCoordinatedExcuted  Ã‚  Service VerbsWords that flesh out your experience working with clients or other stakeholders in your previous jobs.  Instead of:Try one of these:Communicated WithArbitratedEnabledDealt WithClarifiedExplainedSupportedConsultedFacilitatedFieldedInformed  Communication VerbsWords that show how you’ve presented information throughout your career.  Instead of:Try one of these:CommunicatedAuthoredConveyedRelayedBriefedConvincedSpoke toCampaignedCorrespondedWrote AboutInformedCritiqued  Analysis VerbsWords that convey your ability to parse and process information.Instead of:  Ã‚   Try one of these:AnalyzedAssessedAuditedInvestigatedQuantifiedDeterminedEvaluatedExploredMappedTestedimprovedIdentifiedInterpretedQualified  Innovation VerbsWords that show creativity and initiative.Instead of:                 Try one of these:ImprovedAssembledConvertedOrganizedCustomizedCreated  When you’re evaluating your resume to see which word fits the best, make sure that you’re using the right word. The last thing you want to do is use words inaccuratel y. It could give the reader an incorrect impression about your experience, or if it’s just plain wrong, could give the reader pause about whether you know what you’re talking about. If you have doubts about any word, don’t feel obligated to include it. A quick search online should tell you if you’re using it correctly, if you need backup. This is yet another spot where a resume buddy comes in handy: a trusted pair of eyes can help you identify action words that don’t seem quite right, or ones that need a little sprucing up.Once you’ve selected the perfect verb for each bullet point, make sure you go through and present them all the same way (also known as parallel construction). This means that all of your verbs are in the past tense (for previous jobs) or present tense (for your current job), and are presented similarly from section to section in your resume.For example:Working with clientsI revised the filing system for the entire Omaha br anch office.Was responsible for leading the Social Activities Committee.These are kind of all over the place- you want them to be consistent. The best way is to lead with the action word. You don’t need subjects like â€Å"I,† because the reader already knows you’re talking about yourself. Better to cut to the chase.Revised approach:Liaised with clientsRevamped the filing system for the entire Omaha branch office to include digital record managementChaired the Social Activities CommitteeRemember: you want your resume to be a lean, mean machine, with the most important information about your career and your readiness for the job clear to the reader. Any reader, which means the paper reader, the busy digital reader, and the no-attention-span reader. Clean, clear, and concise will always get you where you want to be.Happy wordsmithing!

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Yoohoo! A Theatre Warm-up

Yoohoo! A Theatre Warm-up This theatre game is an energizing warm-up for use in Theatre Class or with any group that could use a shift in energy! Theatre Skills Taking Cues, Cooperation, Cooperative Movement, Ensemble Playing, Remaining Frozen and Silent Materials Reproduce a copy of the list of cues provided below. Directions/Modeling the Process Ask all participants to stand in an open area and then teach them the following lines: Leader: Yoo-hoo! Group: Yoo-hoo who? Leader: You who†¦ Explain that you as the leader will cue them with words that suggest movements or characters and movements, like this: Leader: You who sneak like thieves. Then the whole group rhythmically repeats the last word in a whisper six times as they move as indicated and then say â€Å"Freeze† and freeze in place: Group: â€Å"Thieves, thieves, thieves, thieves, thieves, thieves, freeze!† The leader then cues the next movement: Leader: Yoo-hoo! Group: Yoo-hoo who? Leader: You who jump with ropes. Group: Ropes, ropes, ropes, ropes, ropes, ropes, freeze! Practice Do a few practice rounds until the participants get the call-and-response lines down and move in rhythm, freezing at the appropriate place: Leader: Yoo-hoo!Group: Yoo-hoo who?Leader: You who move like robots.Group: Robots, robots, robots, robots, robots, robots, freeze!Leader: Yoo-hoo!Group: Yoo-hoo who?Leader: You who style hair.Group: Hair, hair, hair, hair, hair, hair, freeze! Teaching Tips It is best if this warm-up can maintain a rhythm in both speech and movements so that it moves quickly. This is why the â€Å"whisper† and â€Å"freeze† aspects of the activity are important. The whispering of the final word in the cue will help to control the noise level. The â€Å"freeze† at the end of each movement section will stop the previous action and prepare participants to listen for a new cue. Having a copy of the list of cues is important so that the leader does not have to think up movement ideas on the spot. Of course, this list can be increased with new ideas, but here is a set of cues to start with: List of Cues You who†¦ †¦bloom like flowers. †¦crawl like babies. †¦sway like palm trees. †¦splash like waves. †¦soar like birds. †¦move like boxers. †¦dance ballet. †¦swirl like tornadoes. †¦walk on tightropes. †¦move like toddlers. †¦swim through water. †¦move like a sharks. †¦play basketball. †¦float like clouds. †¦practice yoga. †¦move like monkeys. †¦dance the hula. †¦figure skate. †¦perform surgery. †¦ski down mountains. †¦run in races. †¦bake a cake. †¦conduct an orchestra. †¦walk like brides. †¦sing in operas. †¦move like royalty. †¦wait on tables. †¦do gymnastics. †¦lift weights. †¦clean houses. †¦row boats. †¦ride horses. †¦paint nails. †¦ride skateboards. †¦wear high heels. †¦drive race cars. †¦ride a bike. †¦play hop scotch. †¦paint a house. †¦walk in mud. †¦reach and stretch. †¦rush to class. †¦taste new food. †¦water ski. †¦take selfies. †¦dance at parties. †¦lead the cheers. †¦throw the ball. †¦sing too loud. †¦take big steps. †¦gaze at stars. Using the Warm-Up in Connection with Curriculum Once the participants understand the format of this theatre game, you can adjust it to apply to an area of study. For example, if you are reading Macbeth, your cues could be: You who†¦ †¦prophesize. †¦long for power. †¦plan and plot. †¦murder kings. †¦see a ghost. †¦rub out spots. Add new cues and save them for future uses of this warm-up. And if you like Yoohoo, you might also like Circle Tableau Game.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Explain why inventory costs and inventory levels have declined Essay

Explain why inventory costs and inventory levels have declined relative to GDP over the last twenty years. Is this beneficial to the economy Why or why not - Essay Example ments have reduced, and in some cases eliminated, inventory carrying costs, in-transit inventory carrying cost and order cost, thus an overall reduction in inventory cost. According to Coyle et al. (2012), inventory is an asset because in measuring gross domestic product, GDP, the value of goods and services an economy produces would be considered. Thus, a reduction in this asset reduces the return on assets, ROA which in essence means a reduction in the GDP. As such, as inventory costs and levels have declined over the past twenty years, so has the GDP. No, this is not beneficial to the economy. As noted by Coyle et al. (2012), GDP is a critical factor of the wellbeing of an economy. This is directly dependent on the level of spending in the economy. With the advancements in technology that has cut on inventory costs and generally on costs in supply chain, the level of spending by logistics organizations, and ultimately on consumers, has decreased. The resultant decrease in GDP has negatively impacted on the