Sports and International Relations

Sports and International Relations In the past, international relations (IR) mainly focused on the high political issues such as military and economic issues. However, the nature of international politics has changed dramatically recently. Interaction between states is not limited to the high political area but also low political area such as social cultural areas. It is hard to determine which one is more prevalent in this time, but one thing very obvious is the role of low politics is getting broader. In the post Cold War era, there are many cases that low politics have healed in inter-states conflicts which had developed into high politics. Among these, because of its popularity across the globe, sports plays a significant role in international relations. Modern sports, which was limited to the local, regional or national level in the past, now spread to international level and have access to social and political area. Considering that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has 202 members states, even more than the number the number of UN member states which totals 192, it is obvious that international sport is now an arena of international politics and diplomacy. Worldwide sports events also have great impact to international relations and politics. With the development of media, related technology and services, people all over the world can sit in front of television, and watch major international sports events at the same time. Thus international sports games are a good opportunity to display a states ethnic features or a states believed national superiority to their counterparts. In history, many national leaders abused sports games because of such purpose, and sports events were often used as a tool of political and ideological propaganda in international relations. However, at the same time, sports also possesses the aspect of promoting peace and raising mutual understanding in international relations. Many countries took advantage of this aspect of sports to build a positive image of them. In terms of sports diplomacy, the United States has employed sports as a diplomatic channel throughout the history. However, the way sports has been used was different from time to time due to different international political circumstances which influenced the United States foreign policy. (This paper attempts to analyze how international conflicts were reflected in the Unites States foreign policy and what the strategy of the United States sports diplomacy was. During the Cold War era, the Soviet Union and the United States were the two pillars of the international system. The ideological rivalry between Soviet Union and the United States could represent the international relations in this period. Therefore, the United States practiced sports diplomacy to deteriorate the influence of the Soviet Union to show the superiority of the United States ideology. However, after the collapse of Soviet Union, the United States became the only superpower, resulting in the rapid growth of the i nfluence of the United States in the world. The political aspects of sports Sports themselves do not have political value, but when it is practiced as a medium between different countries, it has political contents. First, sports can be a tool for diplomacy between states, being the first step of engagement between states in a hostile relationship. Exchanging sports between states can imply that both states recognize each other as a nation-state. The United States president Richard Nixons use of table tennis to initiate diplomatic relations with China in Cold War era, known as Ping pong diplomacy, cited as a prototypical example. The other way around, boycotts of sports game or denial of visa to athletes are seen as ways to break off the relations between states. Second, sports may serve as an advertisement for spreading ideology. States often use sporting games to show their superiority of ideology. Especially, during the Cold War era, this tendency is often observed in the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. In this period, many of the United Sates legislators worried about the Soviet athletes continuous success in international sports games. They saw it in the context of national prestige in the face of communist challenges. They acknowledged that people in the United States would see the sporting defeat by the Soviet Union not as a matter of sports or the athlete, but the matter of national pride. Soviets victory in sports games could be interpreted as a victory for the Soviet culture, system and decay of capitalistic way to a certain extent. Third, sport raises mutual understanding and promotes peace in international relations. Sport exchanges have been served as a way to identify other states and their people, and furthermore, to overcome prejudice against each other. As a result, sports exchange between states often have used as a tool of public diplomacy, considering that the aim of public diplomacy is also to see to foster mutual understanding. Fourth, it is a safe way of expressing displeasure with other country and its policies because it is a peripheral issue to the international political system. To show discontentment or raise objections about a political issue, using sports is a circumambulate way of expression. The most common means of expressing discontent through sports events is to boycott the sports game. It is regarded as a strategic and low cost alternative to any other political action which states can take. It possibly gives huge influence or pushes on other states without using traditional sense of state power. Fifth, sports often spark the conflicts that might become the warfare later on. It often initiates or aggravates political conflict in international relations. Since an athlete or a team represents his or their nation, hatred of the counterpart could become an antipathy of the nation. This ill feeling could draw actual war, like the one between Honduras and El Salvador, most famously known as the Football War, during the World Cup tournament game in 1969. There had been preexisting conflicts between Honduras and Salvadorans, including immigration from El Salvador to Honduras, but the tensions between the two states exploded by the football competition. This match actually triggered the war between Honduras and El Salvador. Sports as an efficient tool for diplomacy The United States recently implemented sports diplomacy as a part of its public diplomacy. The United States dispatched famous sports figures as sports diplomacy envoys to increase understanding of the American people and its culture. It is because sports has been highlighted recent times as a newly rising tactic to implement international relations for some reasons. First, the influence of sports is growing bigger. Sports is now global because of the revolution in the transportation and telecommunication/media industries. Every broadcasting corporation has sports channels and even in the headline coverage they deliver the sports news. Originally, this is initiated due to peoples interest of sports but it reversely started to draw the attention of people who had not been interested in sports. Also, this revolution has created a global sport labor market and global migration, and thus peoples interests in sports extend to international sports. People are cheering for athletes who are their fellow countryman who are playing a game outside of their own country. People often watch sports games not because they are interested in those sports but to see specific national athletes. The sport team owners know this well, and thus they trade foreign athletes to increase its attention and popularity internationally. The international political environment has also changed. Different from the past when most serious concern for states was national survival through military strength, now there is a covert consensus of non-use of military force in international relations, and thus likelihood of was is decreasing. The level of interdependence among states is heightened and became more complex. According to Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, the world has moved into an era of complex interdependence, characterized by multiple channels between societies, including both state and non-state channels, such that military security does not consistently dominate the agenda. Yet, this does not mean that the rate of inter-state conflict is declining. Rather, because of enlarging scope of engagement among nations, there is more possibility of emerging conflicts. The factors of national threat or concern have become more diverse and complex. Therefore, in this changing world, the definition of power in international relations is not same as the Hobbesian explanation. Military force cannot be the best way to solve the conflict or influence other states. These old tools of diplomacy are no longer appropriate in the contemporary world and something more moderate, indirect but efficient and influential way of diplomacy needs to be practiced. In this context, sports is a good medium, by playing mediating and pivotal role in inter-state relations. Attaching sports to the scope of international relations would be a helpful to boost the size of diplomacy.

Nuclear Disarmament

Nuclear technology has been widely used in the past, especially among nations seeking to dominate or to at least secure their positions as a country able to defend itself against its enemies or launch a military offensive. It is no hidden fact that nuclear weapons pose a great amount of threat to the security of human and animal lives in many ways. There may be other purposes for nuclear technology other than harnessing a sizeable amount of military weaponry, such as for generating power which will be distributed to households and infrastructures.   Yet the apparent threat to the lives of humanity remains an utmost concern in the international community. More recently, many nations have already acquired nuclear facilities in creating nuclear weapons such as India, the United States of America, Russia and North Korea just to name a few. The availability of these weapons of mass destruction has prompted many concerned individuals and groups to raise their opposition and seek a nuclear disarmament internationally, regardless of national status. There are also those who barely limit their calls for nuclear disarmament to nations which they perceive as threat to the international community such as North Korea. One of the many arguments behind the call for nuclear disarmament is the idea that the very presence of nuclear weapons creates not only tension among nations which have them like USSR and America in the past. It also creates fear among nations and citizens, especially those which do not have the capability to produce nuclear weapons and make their presence felt as a nation capable of defending itself. Moreover, there is also the fear towards the health risks posed by nuclear weapons. Among the risks, perhaps the most known is that of nuclear fallout caused by the testing of nuclear weapons. Nuclear explosions during these tests create residual radiation hazards or radioactive dust which can largely affect the health of people in many ways. On the other hand, the manufacture of nuclear weapons can also pose dangers when accidents occur. For the most part, the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident gives us a rough impression on the drastic consequences which can be brought about by nuclear accidents. In essence, there should be nuclear disarmament precisely because the availability of nuclear weapons is enough reason to believe that sooner or later these weapons will be used. The very fact that there are nations creating nuclear weapons is enough to presume that there is a purpose or motive behind the manufacture of these weapons. It would be irrational to presume that these nations will manufacture nuclear weapons—weapons that cost huge financing and environmental and health risks—without having the thought of using the weapons at some point in time. Indeed, if there is at least one essential reason why these weapons are being built, it would have to be the reason that these weapons are most likely to be used. In the first place, one can pose the question as to whether there is an apparent and high need for nuclear weapons. Given the contemporary global situation, there are parts in the world where there are unrest like Tibet and there are regions in the world where there is a tension among nations like that of Israel and its neighboring countries just to name a few. These events in the world indeed require efforts of mitigation and resolution. To say that the amassing of nuclear weapons is one key to putting a stop to these global concerns is to say that efforts to propagate weapons of destruction can curb destruction altogether. Yet there is strong reason to believe that the opposite is more likely to be true. Significant historical events from around the world teaches us quite a number of things, one of which is that nuclear disarmament should be met in order to halt further damage from being done. Tensions across the world should be basically addressed not with another move which will further cause tension but with a real solution that will limit and eventually dissolve these tensions. The past two world wars literally obliterated the lives of thousands, and the further proliferation of nuclear weapons will create a similar scenario in the years to come if more and more nations will make use of nuclear weapons to further strengthen their military capabilities and if several nations will continue to harness nuclear weapons as we speak. Another point that deserves attention is that if we have many nations manufacturing and keeping nuclear weapons, there may come a time when these nations engage themselves in a nuclear warfare. The most likely result will be that of a mutually assured destruction where even the non-participating nations will be greatly affected especially the nations which are incapable of defending themselves against nuclear weaponries. It should be noted that even when there is no actual nuclear warfare, there remains the impending threat of its actual use, causing nations to panic to a certain extent and resort to measures to thwart off these threats temporarily. Although not exactly a crisis which involves nuclear weapons, the case of the Cuban missile crisis spawned fear from the United States of America. This was during the time of the Cold War between the former USSR and America, a time when both nations were stockpiling nuclear weapons, racing against one another in the desire to outnumber the quantities of nuclear weapons of one over the other. As Samuel Walker puts it, â€Å"the first two decades of the Cold War era, most scholars, like most Americans, regarded postwar tensions as a result of Soviet expansion and aggression (Walker, 1995, p. 1653).† The Cuban missile crisis was a crisis which did not strictly involve nuclear weapons. Then again, the fear and tension it created was overwhelming, which makes us think what more if the crisis had involved nuclear weapons. Apparently, the case of North Korea in more recent times reminds us of how the world has reacted against a nation harnessing nuclear weapons and testing these weapons right at their backyard. The presence of nuclear weapons does not essentially nor significantly assure peace. Nor does it promote peace in one way or another. Rather, what it does is to heighten the political and military tension among countries, pushing these nations to increase the pressure on the nation wielding nuclear weapons or engaging such nation into military intervention some time in the future. The cases of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are perhaps the most suitable and compelling examples to illustrate the point that nuclear weapons can indeed wipe-out an entire civilization and event the entire humanity. The bombing of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan is claimed to be the last nail during the Second World War. Apart from being the last nail, the bombings were also destructive in nature, destroying two key cities in less than a minute with destructive effects lasting even up to this very day. These only show that the dangers posed by nuclear weapons are very real and can bring havoc to an entire nation. Nuclear disarmament requires nations with nuclear weapons to dismantle such weapons, such as the case of the several treaties that paved the way for the United States, the Soviet Union and many other countries to make certain prohibitions. Some of these treaties include but is not limited to: the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963 which sought to prohibit all forms of nuclear testing except when done underground, the Interim Agreement on Offensive Arms or SALT 1 which was agreed into by America and the Soviet Union way back in 1972 in order to freeze the actual units of intercontinental ballistic missiles as well as submarine-launched ballistic missiles that may be released or deployed by either of the two nations, and the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty or SORT which was signed in 2002 and enforced a year later which aimed to reduce the strategic nuclear warheads of the United States and Russia. However, even though there have already been numerous treaties designed to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons among nations, the achievement of the goal of a total nuclear disarmament remains to be seen. Ken Rigby, Jacques Metzer and Biruta Dietz (1990) point out that â€Å"the attitude of world-mindedness has emerged as†¦related to both attitudinal and action tendencies to promote nuclear disarmament (p. 328).† Thus, it can be asserted that the efforts to finally achieve a total nuclear disarmament may rest on a world-minded attitude. That it, the concerns of each individual aiming at a total nuclear disarmament should be parallel to a mental framework which is global. There should be no exclusions as to who can still be permitted to keep nuclear weapons even after treaties of nuclear disarmament have taken shape. On a larger sense, history tells us that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the past and even more so to this very day has resulted to the further realization of the dangers largely attributed to nuclear weapons either resorting from accidents or deliberate use of these weapons. Nevertheless even if these dangers have already been realized, several nations still seem cannot find an easy way out of the complexity of the nuclear issues which beset them. It appears that while there are treaties being engaged into by nations with nuclear capabilities they, too, have remained unable to fully submit themselves to a total nuclear disarmament. One can argue that perhaps one of the reasons why there is the failure for several nations to engage in a full nuclear disarmament is the idea that there are persisting threats to the sovereignty of these nations and that one way to curb these dangers is by wielding nuclear weaponry. Despite the underlying drawbacks that go along with the possession of nuclear weapons, it appears that the United States, Russia, North Korea and many others remain oblivious to the call for full nuclear disarmament perhaps because the purposes of having nuclear weapons outweigh the odds of falling on their drawbacks. One indubitable purpose of the possession of nuclear weapons is the attribution of power and respect that goes with it. However, even if these nations can be able to project an image of power and hegemonic dominance, history teaches us that â€Å"public concern over the dangers of nuclear war has increased dramatically in both Western Europe and the United States (Boutwell, 2002, p. 12).† Ironically, these increases in public concerns come from the citizens who live in the nations who have the capabilities to launch nuclear warheads. This goes to show that, to a certain extent, nations with nuclear warheads also have a corresponding concerned body of the public sector well-aware of the dangers of nuclear weapons at the least and a nuclear war at the most. There is a strong reason to presume that the public sector raises its concern over the issue of nuclear weapons precisely because that sector is able to see and understand the harsh implications it brings with it. Further, the concerned public sector has strong basis for their claims, substantiating their claims on the experiences of the nation in terms of history. Nuclear disarmament requires more than just disarming nuclear weapons for the moment. The crucial part is that such measures of disarmament should be sustained and should be kept as a lasting solution. It is admitted that there have been previous efforts from various nations and the international community to lessen nuclear arms and eventually entirely abolish these weapons of mass destruction. But up to this day, it remains a fact that several nations are still harboring nuclear weapons and that some are even continuing production of these weapons. A contemporary example to such a situation is North Korea which has recently gained much criticism from the international community in its recent testing of nuclear weapons, one of which is the Taepodong-2 ballistic missile. It is also a fact that at some point in time certain nuclear missile tests would have to be made in testing the feasibility of the weapon. It has been the case that the United States has tested some of its nuclear weapons in its own soil while North Korea and India have tested their missiles at sea. These tests may only last for a few minutes or so, yet the impact it leaves behind to the marine life in the cases of India and North Korea are long lasting. As with the case of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings years ago, physical deformities were not only felt by those who were directly exposed to the radioactive substances present after the nuclear explosions. These physical deformities caused by alterations in the body’s genes persisted down to the third generation from those who were directly affected by the nuclear bombings. Nuclear disarmament is one big step in realizing the goal of dissolving the current tensions created in the past and should not be taken as a long-term goal, for the longer it takes for nations to disarm themselves with nuclear weapons, it may be the case that more and more nations may resort to the creation of nuclear weapons for themselves. Indeed, if nations are truly serious with their desire to preempt a nuclear war and bring mutually assured destruction to these ‘nuclear’ states and the rest of the world, it should be the case that efforts of nuclear disarmament should be realized as soon as possible. The world cannot afford a third world war from happening and destroying the welfare of the nations and the development of a larger part of the world. Indeed, nuclear disarmament should be the only option and that such an option should be taken and enacted the soonest possible time, if not now. The dangers of nuclear weapons are real and that history has taught us of the insurmountable destruction it brings with more than anything else in the world. References Boutwell, J. (2002). The Many-Sided Nuclear Arms Debate. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 36(1), 12. Rigby, K., Metzer, J., & Dietz, B. (1990). Factors Predisposing Individuals to Support Nuclear Disarmament: An International Perspective Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 328. Walker, S. (1995). The Origins of the Cold War in United States History Textbooks. The Journal of American History, 81(4), 1653.         

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Paper Writing Services Reviews

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Essay on Citizenship and Immigration - 467 Words

â€Å"Our communities will go far to improve the lives of a class of individuals who must hide in the shadows. Very soon many of these men and women will be able to step into the sunlight and, ultimately, if they chose, become Americans.† (Masci) Ronald Reagan claimed this speaking about the illegal immigrants in America. Under his administration illegal immigrants would at last become citizens, instead of having to hide, and will be able to pursue their dreams. There are an estimated six million illegal immigrants residing in the US. (Masci) Illegal immigration may result in a loss of American healthcare and decrease in wages therefore these immigrants must be allowed to obtain the proper paperwork necessary to become productive members of†¦show more content†¦Studies show that illegal immigration results in the slightest wage loss for Americans who have to compete with illegal immigrants. Currently, there is no system to authenticate a job applicant. (Masci) This in sinuates that companies are not paying attention to whether or not the applicant is a legal citizen. It also shows that companies will hire illegal immigrants, and that they are needed to fill American jobs. Allowing illegal immigrants citizenship will threaten the US health care system and public health. Many hospitals around the world have lost money providing free health care. (Newman) With the current downfall in the economy, if immigrants do not pay for health care, it might cause hospitals to go bankrupt, or even close. Another issue is that immigrants bring diseases such as tuberclerosis and leprosy. (Newman) Both of these diseases are deadly, but can be controlled with proper medical tests for immigrants who come to the US. These serious issues can be overcome, which would provide a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants. Most immigrants integrate with little trouble and get familiar to the culture and views, and do whatever for America. An average of about ten percent of men in America have not completed high school as opposed to the fifty percent in 1960. (Katal) The majority of the drop- outs works at places Americans do not want to work. Without immigrants, there would be many available jobs that Americans do not want to work at. IfShow MoreRelatedThe Rights Of Immigration And Citizenship Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe high presence of immigrants in ‘vulnerable’ labor markets make the pathways for migration and citizenship critical in accessing agency. The legality of labor for immigrants affects the vulnerability of immigrants. The ‘under the table’ nature of many economic opportunities presented to immigrant populations changes the stability of accumulating capital or creating economic mobility. The ‘off the books’ nature changes the agency to immigran ts to gain their wages, protest exploitation and to attainRead MoreEssay on Immigration and Birthright Citizenship1003 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration and Birthright Citizenship Many people feel the issue on immigration and birthright citizenship may have become a touchy subject. Some people argue that the undocumented citizens or illegal immigrants steal jobs away from rightful US citizens. Also people say that the undocumented citizens want to have a baby in the United States of America with the assumption they will grant US citizenship to them as a family. In certain states the police were allowed to stop anyone that theyRead MoreImmigration and Dual Citizenship: Is It Possible?2619 Words   |  11 PagesImmigration And Dual Citizenship: Is It Possible? Vendla A. Bramble Axia College of University of Phoenix What would compel someone into leaving home, which is quite possibly the only world he or she may have ever known, and move to another country? People immigrate to other countries for a variety of reasons; sometimes it is not of their own volition. Economic reasons have always been a huge deciding factor; one only has to examine Ireland’s Great Potato Famine to understand why peopleRead More American Citizenship and Immigration Essay1597 Words   |  7 Pageswhich means their parents should become citizens along with them. These are the ones whom obtain â€Å"birthright citizenship† (Raul). The second are firm believers in the only ones that should be citizens are the ones who go through the proper process of becoming a citizen and according to the article in â€Å"USA today,† it states that illegal immigrants are â€Å"having babies as a way to obtain citizenship,† which too many Americans â€Å"cheapens the whole idea of being American†. The last group is the â€Å"other† theRead MoreImmigration Restrictions And Exclusion Of Citizenship Essay1871 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration restrictions and exclusion of citizenship to the US is a major practice into the United States of American. For a long time now, these restrictions and exclusions have been a tool to uphold and protect the American culture and ensure security to the American citizens (Johnson, 1998). However, these legislations have many racial and discrimination effects to the citizens of some countries like the African and Asian countries. These effects seem to be insignificant to the US economy butRead MoreEffects Of Immigration Restrictions And Exclusion Of Citizenship Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesEffects of Immigration Restrictions and Exclusion of Citizenship to Asian American Racism: Name: Institution Affiliation: Date: Statement of the Problem Immigration restrictions and exclusion of citizenship to the US is a major practice into the United States of American. For a long time now, these restrictions and exclusions have been seen as a tool to uphold and protect the American culture and ensure security to the American citizens (Johnson, 1998). However, these legislations haveRead MoreForeign Service Officer For Citizenship And Immigration Canada878 Words   |  4 Pages For as long as I can remember, I have always wanted a career that would continually broaden my horizons and benefit society at large. I am interested in a career as a Foreign Service Officer for Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) because of the international scope and dynamism of its long-term career path as well as the opportunity to contribute to Canadian society as a member of the public service. Although these aspects of the career appeal to me, I also recognize them as the two most challengingRead MorePayroll Outlook : U.s Citizenship And Im migration Services1408 Words   |  6 PagesPayroll Forecast U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) members, as Federal employees are entitled to both annual and sick leave, beginning the first day of their first federal job. Leave can fall under many different categories, the most common being annual leave and sick leave. At the end of each leave year, they are allowed to carry 240 hours of annual leave over to the next leave year. Sick leave is not subject to carry-over limitations and continues to accrue from year to year. TheRead MoreLegal Research Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pages1. Which statue deals with issues related to citizenship in Canada? Provide its full citation. What is the full citation for the Regulation to this statute? 2. What is the best free, online source to find the full text of this statute and the associated regulations? What is the currency date of the statute (on that online source) as of the date you are submitting this assignment? 3. Was Maya a Canadian citizen at birth, or did her parents have to apply for her to become a Canadian citizenRead MoreImmigration Laws : Are They Fair1836 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration Laws: are they Fair to New Immigrants? From Sea to Sea to Sea. This is the Canadian belief. All are welcome: from sea, to sea, to sea. Canada, to this day, is one of the most open countries towards immigration in the world (Troper). With a whopping 20.6% of its population identified as immigrants (Immigration†¦), Canada is known for its generosity towards Immigrants and refugees all around the world. Though Canada asks immigrants of certain qualifications (Tariq), it is nevertheless

Literary Analysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour

Haley Morrow Mrs. Crook AP English 25 Sept. 2015 Feminist Literary Theory in The Story of an Hour Women are no stranger to a socially constrained lifestyle and society, especially in the late 1800’s. Women were believed to live a certain way, fulfill certain roles and duties in the household, and to be extremely fragile and weak. This type of culture still exists today but not to the extreme that it once was. Kate Chopin, however, not afraid speak out against the implications of society breaks free of the social norms of the 1800’s through her strong female characters. Specifically, in her short story, The Story of an Hour, Chopin captures quite the roller coaster of an hour in the life of Mrs. Louise Mallard, who receives the news of her husband s apparent death. After receiving the news, it only takes a few moments of grief until Louise realizes she is no longer shackled to her husband in marriage and is now a free, independent woman. In her short story, The Story of an Hour, Chopin addresses many issues pertaining to feminism, such as a the expression of a woman’s independence and unique identity, distinct from that of her husband’s all through her main character Louise. The issue that Chopin is trying to address is not that Louise is married to Bentley, but rather the issue of being married at all. Through the eyes of a feminist, and Chopin herself, marriage is just an institution that creates in both men and women the assumed â€Å"right to impose a private will uponShow MoreRelatedThe Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is very intriguing, not only because of the emotional change Louise Mallard goes through the hour after her husband’s tragic death but also the way Chopin uses irony in the story. During this analysis of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we will discuss the summary, plot, setting, tone, theme, point of view, emotions of Louise Mallard and other characters involved in the story. Chopin’s story uses the feelings of a married womanRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin862 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Analysis: The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, is about one married woman’s true hidden feelings of being married in the 19th century. The story was published in 1894, a time where it was unacceptable for women to express their wants and needs as a woman. Women were not seen equal to men and did not have the same privileges as men such as voting. Therefore, some of her literary works were considered controversial. It wasn’t soon until the late 20 centuryRead MoreKylie Alexandra Fink. Mr. Broome. Honors English Ii. May1848 Words   |  8 PagesKylie Alexandra Fink Mr. Broome Honors English II May 17, 2017 The Thought Provoking Story of Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin makes one ask themselves â€Å"why†. The story is a very thought provoking. It is about a woman, Louise, whose husband â€Å"died† in a train accident. When she finds out, she thinks of herself as free. Why would she be so happy when she just found out that her husband, Brentley, had died? She then finds out that her husband did not die. She then dies after seeingRead MoreKate Chopin s The Hour1361 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzed â€Å"The Story of the Hour† has been whether or not Mrs. Mallard was oppressed in her marriage or if she was depressed due to the lack of time she and her husband spent together. Time plays a crucial role in the story, from the time they have spent together, to the period of the story, and to the short time in which the story takes place. â€Å"The Story of the Hour,† is a story written by feminist author, Kate Chopin in 1894 that deals with marital instability from a womanâ €™s perspective. Chopin, whoseRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Katherine Mansfield992 Words   |  4 Pagescouple, hand-in-hand, walking towards the sunset. Many literary pieces offer a contrasting opinion of marriage, depicting trials and tribulations, heartbreak, and unhappy endings. Katherine Mansfield s Bliss and Kate Chopin s The Story of an Hour offers a look into the darkness and angst that can lie within a marriage between two lovers. Both of these works depict the perspectives of the women from these unions. Bliss and The Story of an Hour explore the pain and angst that can hide beneathRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Yellow Wallpaper1086 Words   |  5 PagesPerkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 1 Jan. 2013, pp. 221-234, Database: MLA International Bibliography -- Publications. kutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr/index.php. Accessed 18 Nov. 2017. The short story written by Fahimeh Q. Basenji, he shares in his writings about â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper and Story of an Hour†. In the journal, he discusses how the two stories are similar but have different narrator experiencesRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour857 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent emotions that Kate Chopin fit into â€Å"The Story of an Hour† presents the story with a perspective that is very intelligible. While some readers may not understand what it is like to live a sheltered life due to marital convention, Chopin laid out the emotional path that the protagonist takes and simplified it into individual, coherent feelings that a woman in the late nineteenth-century might have went through under these circumstances; she did an efficient job at telling the story of shock, suspenseRead MoreLiterary Criticism of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1338 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Criticism and the Story of an Hour Literary criticism gives the reader the tools to see literature in new ways. Each type focuses on different components of the story and asks the reader to examine a given text for ques. When an analysis is performed in a given critical style, a whole new perspective of the text becomes available. Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is an account of a marriage in the late 19th century. Mrs. Louise Mallard is identified by her marriage and she allows herselfRead MoreWomen s Patriarchal Oppression By Kate Chopin Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesSheraliz Ortiz Mrs. Kehrmeyer AP Language, Per 1 14 November 2016 Women s Patriarchal Oppression Women have been denied social power and the right to various forms of self-expression during the 19th century. Feminism is the belief that women should be treated as equals to men and have the same opportunities. Feminist analysis discusses about topics such as women in society that s been through oppression, dehumanizing, and depression. Several brave female writers came forth during this period

Animal Fable Free Essays

And lastly, the Ilon Is Indeclslve and often regrets to his decision. Right after killing the bull, he realizes the bull’s absence is huge and regrets about his decision. is anger giving way to softer feelings, he spoke aloud his sorrow at the death of Schanzabeh, whom he allowed to have been probably nnocent of the crimes laid to his charge, and to have fallen a victim to the calumnies and false accusations of his enemies† (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Fable or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 58) _ These three characteristics of the lion symbolize two aspects of leader Firstly, the lion symbolizes a big and strong leader. But more in-depth symbol is Caliph A1-Mansur, the leader at the time when this book was translated. Caliph A1-Mansur succeeded in revolution and seized power. With authority in his hands, he executed and assassinated many people for trivial reasons. Moreover, claiming to support an ideology of equality, he actually discriminated OF2 fable, was a Persian origin who naturalized as an Arabian and converted to Islam. Even though he was an ‘Arabian’ in a sense of a civilian, he was not a â€Å"pure Arabian† in a sense of ethnicity. Feeling more suppressed than Arab-Muslims, he had a strong dissatisfaction of the then authority. Thus, he compares the pure Arabians, who lived in a splendor of authorities obtained by coercive territorial expansion, to the lion, whose appearance is splendid but substance is in fact feeble. The animal fables are often used to educate young people. It is told to these days that Kalilah wa Dimna was used to teach lessons about morality and wisdom to even the princes of one kingdom. Although the fables are written with a purpose of giving lessons, more meanings, either literal or figurative, can be assigned when it is translated to another language. Kalilah wa Dimna shows figurative meanings hidden in the text as well, which shows public sentiments at the time. This is a valuable trait of literature since this shows something that cannot be achieved in another means. How to cite Animal Fable, Papers

Humans and Technology Communicating Operating teams

Question: Describe about the Humans and Technology Communicating for Operating teams? Answer: Literature Review on Annotated bibliography A literature review on 9 annotated bibliographies is discussed below. The literature review demonstrated about the osmotic communication and its impact on effective communication among a team. This review also shows the type of information needed to flow among the team in an agile software development. According to Alistair. Cockburn, (2011) Osmotic communication is a type of communication that helps a team of a project to effective communicate with each other. This type of communication assists in reducing cost of the communication. According to the analyst in this type of communication the team members are kept in the same room where one member of the team can hear the speech of another. Cockburn believes that if any member is willing to hear the speech of another and learn from this, he will definitely gain some knowledge. The analyst also demonstrated about the radical collocation which increases the productivity of the project. But it is hard to implement because the managers are normally used to in interacting with personal meeting with the team member. Osmotic communication act as an effective communication resource which helps to manage an agile project. Foong. Y in 2014 has argued that success development of a agile project depends on effective communication of team member s. All the members of the project should be aware of the project development and situation where osmotic communication would be effective. In this type of communication information about the project flows from high density area to low density area to make flexibility between the manager and project members. M Eccles, J Smith, M Tanner, and JP Van der Watt, (2010) in their collection discussed about some factors which would be helpful in achieving the goal of the project. They suggested that the effectiveness of the project depends on some factors. The team members of the project should be fully aware of the project goal, the task that they are assigned individually. The manager of the project should regularly follow up the task of their team members and get feedback from the team members. Agile project is somewhat unstructured so osmotic communication would be more effective for the success of this type of project. In osmotic communication information flows among the whole team rather than individual member. Figure 1 shows the mode of communication. Figure 1: Mode of Communication According to Robert. L (2011) digital media and social media is very useful for osmotic communication. Managing of project is done to achieve the goal of project. The analyst refers twitter as an effective social media where one twit can be seen by many observers, and get information from that. The phenomenon of these social media applied to the agile project in order to distribute information among the tem member of the project. The osmotic communication strives to effectively communicate the team members. The members of the project should vary their approach according to their task. Sharp.H et.ol, (2010) argued that Project development is a global system nowadays. So communication of the tem member is the key factor for the success of the project. Management of the project is a step by step project in which information is exchanged among the team members. In osmotic communication background information is used make the communication effective. As per Wohlin.C et.ol (2010) agile project is a unstructured type of project So the information flow among the team members should be in a proper way and right manner. For the completion of a global software development the steps of the osmotic communication should be mapped to the real scenario and should be included in the development of the project. Crowe.A, (2011) has argued that in osmotic communication the team members sits in one room and hear to each other to get information about the project. If one is willing to pay attention to the speech of other then he will definitely be able to learn from this communication. The analyst here differentiates between the effective communication and diffusive communication. Moran. A, (2015) defines that managing engineering project needs some steps to be followed in a proper way. Agile project is a unstructured type of project in which the information flow among the team members should be in a flexible mode rather than a structural model. According to Kucera. J (2015) the opposite phenomenon of osmotic communication is reverse communication. In this reverse communication the information about the project flows from lower level to the higher level. This approach of communication is very much effective in reengineering where lower components need to be engaged to complete a big Project. Reference List Alistair. Cockburn (2011) Humans and Technology, ASD book extract: "Communicating, cooperating teams", Ch.3 topic 7 Foong .Y (2014) EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: A Challenge to Project Manager, Project Management Resources M Eccles, J Smith, M Tanner, JP Van Belle S Van der Watt Collection (2010), Collection Impact on Team Effectiveness, SACJ No.46 Roberts.L (2011) Project Management in Twitter Era Sharp.H et.ol (2012) Information flow within a dispersed agile team: a distributed cognition perspective, Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Volume 111, 2012, pp 62-78 Wohlin.C et.ol (2010) Agile Practices in Global Software engineering- A Systematic map, ICGSE. pp 45-54 Crowe.A (2011) Osmotic Communication, Agile Modeling (ONLINE ARTICLE) Moran.A (2015) Agile project Management, Managing Agile pp 71-101. Kucera.J (2015) Reverse Osmosis: Design, Processes, and Applications for Engineers, John Wiley Sons